Everything you need to know about your fabric
Does this fabric contain harmful chemicals?
Artificial Leather: It depends on the type. The most common synthetic leather is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyurethane, or polyamide microfiber mixed with other materials. Synthetic leather is derived from plastics generated from petroleum and contains a variety of toxic chemicals, including phthalates which are harmful to people’s health. On the other hand, non plastic artificial types of leather is being developed, which do not contain such substances. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Yes: the leather tanning process uses a cocktails of toxic chemicals, such as chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbons, amines, aldehydes, along with heavy metals including known carcinogens like arsenic and chromium which harm the health of workers, pollute the environment and contaminate the finished product. The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) has prioritized some of the hazardous chemicals used in leather under Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) and substances for Authorization. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: Yes: due to the large use of pesticides in the cotton agriculture, some substances will remain in the final fabric and will be released through its life time. Growing organic cotton does not require the use of pesticides and thus organic textile does not contain these substances. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-worlds-dirtiest-crop-pesticide-use-in-cotton-production/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: Yes: depending on the blend, the product will contain the chemicals originally contained in cotton and in the plastic based fibers. The most common blend of cotton and polyester will contain pesticide residues (cotton) as well as antimony trioxide and micro plastics (polyester). For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/
Polyester: Yes: Polyester is a plastic derived fabric made from synthetic polymers. Most polyester is manufactured and treated using toxic and even carcinogenic chemicals like antimony and formaldehyde. In addition, polyester contains microplastics which can also be harmful for human health. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/
Viscose: It depends: Viscose is a semi-synthetic fiber. While it is derived from plant based materials, the manufacturing process is dependent on heavy usage of chemicals such as ammonia, acetone, caustic soda, and sulphuric acid. Depending on the quality of the plant used (organic or not) and the toxicity of the chemicals, the residues are present in the final product. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: No: the fabric in itself doesn’t contain any harmful chemicals. This doesn’t apply if the fabric is a mix blend with acrylic for example, a plastic based fabric. Nonetheless, the process of dyeing and cleaning can release many chemical effluents in the environment. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp: It depends: Since the fabric is of plant origin, it may contain residues of pesticides used in the cultivation of the plant. In addition, harmful chemicals may have been used in the processing of the fabric. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana Fibers: it depends: Since the fabric is of plant origin, it may contain residues of pesticides used in the cultivation of the plant. In addition, harmful chemicals may have been used in the processing of the fabric. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
Could this fabric be harmful for my health?
Artificial Leather: It depends on the type. The most common synthetic leather is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyurethane, or polyamide microfiber mixed with other materials. Synthetic leather is derived from plastics generated from petroleum and contains a variety of toxic chemicals, including phthalates which are harmful to people’s health. On the other hand, non plastic artificial types of leather is being developed, which do not contain such substances. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Yes: the leather tanning process uses a cocktails of toxic chemicals, such as chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbons, amines, aldehydes, along with heavy metals including known carcinogens like arsenic and chromium which harm the health of workers, pollute the environment and contaminate the finished product. The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) has prioritized some of the hazardous chemicals used in leather under Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) and substances for Authorization. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: It depends: during dyeing or other fabric treatments, hazardous chemicals such as PFCs and heavy metals may be used and remain in the final product. In addition, because of the extensive use of pesticides in cotton farming, some of them remain in the finished fabric and are emitted throughout its life cycle. Organic cotton is grown without the use of pesticides, so fabrics made of organic cotton do not contain residues of these substances either. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-worlds-dirtiest-crop-pesticide-use-in-cotton-production/ or https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Mixed fiber: Yes: depending on the blend, the product will contain chemicals found in cotton and chemicals found in plastic-based fibres. A variety of harmful chemicals in products are numerous, such as pesticide residues and heavy metals in dyes or PFAs that make clothes waterproof. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Polyester: Yes: It is a plastic derived fabric made from synthetic polymers. Most polyester is manufactured and treated using toxic and even carcinogenic chemicals like antimony and formaldehyde. In addition, polyester contains microplastics which can also be harmful for human health. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Viscose: It depends: Viscose contains the harmful chemicals used in the dyeing process or other treatments, like heavy metals or PFAS. In addition, viscose production is hazardous to workers’ health because it uses carbon disulphide, which is toxic. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Wool: No but: the fabric in itself doesn’t contain any harmful chemicals. This does not apply when the fabric is a mixture with acrylic, e.g. a plastic-based fabric. In this case, the fabric will contain hazardous chemicals that are found in plastic-based synthetic materials. Moreover, the process of dyeing and cleaning can use chemicals such as heavy metals or PFCs. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp: It depends: Since the fabric is of plant origin, it may contain residues of pesticides used in the cultivation of the plant. In addition, chemicals such as heavy metals or PFCs may be used in the dyeing process. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Banana Fibers: Since the fabric is of plant origin, it may contain residues of pesticides used in the cultivation of the plant. In addition, chemicals such as heavy metals or PFCs may be used in the dyeing process. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Is this fabric sustainable?
Artificial Leather: It depends. The most common synthetic leather is made from plastic derivatives, which means micro-plastic contamination and no biodegradation. Alternatively, other types of more environmentally friendly synthetic leather are emerging, such as Mylo leather. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: No: сarbon emissions and deforestation associated with raising livestock, and environmentally hazardous tanning processes make leather production costly for the environment and people. Even though leather is a long-lasting product, the industry needs to integrate more sustainable options. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: It depends. Cotton production uses a lot of pesticides and a lot of water. Nonetheless, more sustainable cotton fabrics are emerging such a recycled cotton but also organic cotton and preferred cotton. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: It depends: there are several types of blends, so depending on whether the blend consists of two natural fabrics (cotton/wool) or a natural/artificial fabric (cotton/polyester), environmental friendliness differs because of production methods (primary sources, chemicals used) and recyclability. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/
Polyester: No: One of the most significant issues associated with polyester (and other fibers derived from plastic) is microplastic shedding which can contaminate the ocean and end up in the food chain. Moreover, the means of productions and the controversial effects of its recycling make this product non sustainable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/
Viscose: It depends: The environmental impact of viscose is largely dependent on the source material, whether the cellulosic is derived from an unsustainable deforestation practice or not. Additionally, viscose is responsible for high water usage and energy consumption. There are more sustainable rayon alternatives which exist. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: Yes: relatively due to its natural sourcing, long service life, and biodegradability. However, several steps in the wool production process can still lead to pollution and emissions. The recyclability of wool is also a sustainable process to be explored. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/
Hemp fabrics: : Yes: it comes from the hemp plant which needs much less space and water then cotton culture. It is biodegradable, but the use of the treatment method (organic or chemical treatment) has an impact on the environment. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: Yes: sustainable sourcing and biodegradability make banana fibres a more suitable alternative to many traditional fabrics. However, the method of extraction, whether mechanical, biological or chemical, differs in terms of the impact on the environment. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
Is this fabric recyclable?
Artificial Leather: Generally, no: plastic-based synthetic leathers face the problem with recycling and sustainable disposal of plastic fabrics and the hazardous chemicals they contain. On the other hand, artificial leathers based on natural fibres can be recycled. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Yes: Leather is recyclable and is more sustainable. The problem is that not enough recycled leather is being produced to replace virgin leather, so there is a need to blend virgin and synthetic leather which complicates recycling. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://textileexchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Textile-Exchange_Preferred-Fiber-Material-Market-Report_2020.pdf
Cotton: Yes: cotton can be recycled in lesser quality fabrics for non-textile products ( toilet paper for example) or for textile apparel. Several initiatives encourage this recycling in order to conserve natural resources. Cotton blends are more difficult to recycle. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: Yes, but since the blends can not be separated for economic reasons, some fibers are more difficult to recycle, such as spandex or elastane in jeans. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/ and https://sustainfashion.info/closed-loop-for-textiles-is-the-way-forward-still-an-unfulfilled-dream/
Polyester: Under debate: polyester can be recycled by shredding the fabric into small chips, which are then used to form strings of yarn after passing through a spinneret. The problem is that the recycled polyester fabric doesn’t have the same qualities as the virgin and remains a non-biodegradable plastic derivate product. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Wool: Yes, easily and for different purposes: woollens are deconstructed and the fibre is reused as yarn in new item as well as to produce lower quality fibers to make mattress paddings or insulation. Using recycled wool versus virgin wool helps to reduce CO2 emissions, amount of water used to clean the fiber and chemicals to treat it . For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp fabrics: Yes, this fabric like other plant based fabrics can be re-yarned and is also biodegradable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: Yes, this fabric like other plant based fabrics can be re-yarned and is also biodegradable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
Is this recycled fabric better for the environment?
Artificial Leather: No : Plastic-based synthetic leathers face the problem with recycling and sustainable disposal of plastic fabrics and the hazardous chemicals they contain. On the other hand, artificial leathers based on natural fibres can be recycled. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Yes, but: Leather is recyclable and is more sustainable. The problem is that not enough recycled leather is being produced to replace virgin leather, so there is a need to blend virgin and synthetic leather which complicates recycling. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://textileexchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Textile-Exchange_Preferred-Fiber-Material-Market-Report_2020.pdf
Cotton: Yes: Recycled cotton is better for the environment since it uses less primary material and spares water and soils. Several initiatives encourage cotton recycling to conserve natural resources. It is also important to take into account how fabric is processed, which in itself is not always good for the environment, as hazardous chemicals may be used in the recycling process. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: No, but: Since the blends can not be separated for economic reasons, some fibers are more difficult to recycle, such as spandex or elastane in cotton jeans. Moreover, blends recycling often releases microplastics which are harmful for the environment. On the other hand, the recycling process helps to use less primary resources. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/ and https://sustainfashion.info/closed-loop-for-textiles-is-the-way-forward-still-an-unfulfilled-dream/
Polyester: No: polyester can be recycled by shredding the fabric into small chips, which are then used to form strings of yarn after passing through a spinneret. The problem is that the recycled polyester fabric doesn’t have the same qualities as the virgin and remains a non-biodegradable plastic derivate product. Moreover, both virgin and recycled polyester contribute to microplastics pollution. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf and How sustainable is recycled polyester? (fashionunited.com)
Wool: Yes, but: using recycled wool versus virgin wool helps to reduce CO2 emissions, amount of water used to clean the fiber and chemicals to treat it. On the other hand, the recycling process can in itself be harmful for the environment if it uses chemical treatments. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp fabrics: Yes, the production of recycled fabric uses less virgin material, which saves water and soil resources. On the other hand, the recycling process can in itself be harmful for the environment if it uses chemical treatments. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: Yes, the production of recycled fabric uses less virgin material, which saves water and soil resources. On the other hand, the recycling process can in itself be harmful for the environment if it uses chemical treatments. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
Is the fabric harmful for the environment?
Artificial Leather: Yes, because most synthetic leathers are made of plastic (PVC or PU) and in that sense they are harmful to the environment, starting with extraction, processing and waste disposal (plastic based synthetic leather fabrics do not degrade and lead to micro-plastic pollution). Artificial leathers made from natural components, which are less harmful to the environment, are now emerging. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Yes: Leather is bad for the environment, as raising livestock requires a lot of land, water and is responsible for gas emissions. The tanning process uses large quantities of chemicals that pollute water, air and soil. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: Yes: The production of cotton flowers uses a lots of pesticides which contaminate soil and water. To diminish those impacts, several initiatives have been launched to make cotton a more environmentally friendly textile such as organic cotton. For more information:: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: Yes: The most common blends are made of plastic derived fabrics and cotton, thus the product will contain chemicals found in cotton and chemicals found in plastic-based fibres. A variety of harmful chemicals in these materials are numerous, such as pesticide residues in cotton and heavy metals in dyes or PFAs that make clothes waterproof. Moreover, recycling of these textiles can be challenging. On the other hand, some blends from organic or recycled products could be considered more environmentally friendly. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/
Polyester: Yes: This plastic derived product is harmful for the environment from the extraction, to their treatments and waste management (non-biodegradable and microplastic releases). Recycled polyester fabric doesn’t have the same qualities as the virgin and remains a non-biodegradable plastic derivate product. Moreover, both virgin and recycled polyester contribute to microplastics pollution. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/
Viscose: Yes, but: The environmental impact of viscose largely depends on the source material, whether the cellulosic is derived from an unsustainable deforestation practice or not. Additionally, viscose is responsible for high water usage and energy consumption. There are more sustainable rayon alternatives which exist. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: No, but: This textile is environmentally friendly since it is reusable and biodegradable. However, several steps in the wool production process can still lead to pollution and emissions. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp fabrics: No, but: it comes from the hemp plant which needs much less space and water then cotton culture. It is biodegradable, but the use of the treatment method (organic or chemical treatment) has an impact on the environment. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: No but. This fabric compared to plastic or cotton, is very environmentally friendly because it uses waste stems, and the fabric is biodegradable. However, the use of the treatment method (organic or chemical treatment) has an impact on the environment. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/Are these blended components good for my health?
Cotton/ Polyester: Yes: depending on the blend, the product will contain chemicals found in cotton and chemicals found in plastic-based fibres. A variety of harmful chemicals in products are numerous, such as pesticide residues and heavy metals in dyes or PFAs that make clothes waterproof. By washing this product, microplastics will also be released in the wash waters. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Cotton/ Wool: No, but. These two natural fabrics can be harmless for human health if they are not treated or dyed with hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals or PFCs. Moreover, the cotton fabric of the blend will also be less of threat if it’s organic since it will not have been treated with pesticides. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Are the blended components good for my health?
Cotton/ Polyester: No, the product will contain chemicals found in cotton and chemicals found in plastic-based fibres. A variety of harmful chemicals in products are numerous, such as pesticide residues and heavy metals in dyes or PFAs that make clothes waterproof. By washing this product, microplastics will also be released in the wash waters. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Cotton/ Wool: Yes but. These two natural fabrics can be harmless for human health if they are not treated or dyed with hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals or PFCs. Moreover, the cotton fabric of the blend will also be less of threat if it’s organic since it will not have been treated with pesticides. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Are plant-based textiles better then artificial textiles for the environment & health?
Yes, indeed plant based textiles are in theory plastic free and are easily recyclable and biodegradable. On the other hand, unsustainable plantations (conventional cotton cultivation using pesticides or deforestation for viscose production) tend to diminish the sustainability of these fabrics. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/materials-plastic/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Are animal-based textiles better then artificial textiles for the environment & health?
It depends, for instance wool is a sustainable fabric, but leather is a very environmentally costly product. The advantages of animal-based textiles are that they are recyclable, biodegradable and do not need oil or harmful microplastic for the production process. On the other hand, animal-based textiles are also treated with hazardous and polluting chemicals. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/materials-plastic/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Is artificial leather better then virgin leather in the sustainable development process?
Yes and no: leather production is the most unsustainable textile sector because of the resources required to raise livestock and the amount of chemicals used in the tanning process. Artificial leather is more environmentally friendly in this sense, but on the other hand, most artificial leathers are plastic derivatives such as polyurethane (or PU Leather). They are not biodegradable and contain microplastics. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/
What chemicals are used to treat this fabric?
Artificial Leather: The most common synthetic leather is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyurethane, or polyamide microfiber mixed with other materials. Synthetic leather is derived from plastics generated from petroleum and contains a variety of toxic chemicals, including phthalates which are harmful to people’s health. Moreover, these fabrics can also be treated with PFAS for stain-resistant purposes. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Leather: the leather tanning process uses a cocktails of toxic chemicals, such as chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbons, amines, aldehydes, along with heavy metals including known carcinogens like arsenic and chromium which harm the health of workers, pollute the environment and contaminate the finished product. If the residues are not that harmful in the final product, the workers in the tanning process are exposed to such effluents. Moreover, other chemicals like toxic fluorinated chemicals called PFAS are used to treat the fabric for waterproof or stain resistant purposes. The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) has prioritized some of the hazardous chemicals used in leather under Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) and substances for Authorization. For more information https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Cotton: during dyeing or other fabric treatments, hazardous chemicals such as PFCs and heavy metals may be used and remain in the final product. In addition, because of the extensive use of pesticides in cotton farming, some of them remain in the finished fabric and are emitted throughout its life cycle. Organic cotton is grown without the use of pesticides, so fabrics made of organic cotton do not contain residues of these substances either. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-worlds-dirtiest-crop-pesticide-use-in-cotton-production/ or https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Mixed fiber: Depending on the blend, the product will contain the chemicals contained in cotton and the ones contained in the plastic based fibers. For that matter, the variety of harmful chemicals in the product are numerous such as pesticide residues but also heavy metals of dye products or PFAs that make clothes waterproof, as well as phthalates for the plastic derived textiles. For more information https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Polyester: During the process of polyester production, a plastic derived fabric, antimony trioxide is used which can have a harmful health effect. Such fabric can also be treated and dyed with hazardous chemicals such as phthalates PFCs, heavy metals or PFAS. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Viscose: Viscose can be treated and dyed with heavy metals or PFAS (for stain resistant purposes). But also, viscose making is very dangerous for the worker’s health because it uses carbon disulfide, which Is a very hazardous substance. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Wool: The process of dyeing and cleaning can use chemicals such as heavy metals or PFCs. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp: Since the fabric is plant based it depends on the use of pesticides in its culture. Moreover, the process of dyeing and cleaning can use chemicals such as heavy metals or PFCs. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Banana Fibers: Since the fabric is plant based it depends on the use of pesticides in its culture. Moreover, the process of dyeing and cleaning can use chemicals such as heavy metals or PFCs. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
What are sustainable alternatives to this fabric?
Artificial Leather: Sustainable alternatives to PU or PVC artificial leathers, include plant based artificial leather fabrics. There are different kinds of artificial leather, some of which are made from the peels of fruits, such as pineapples, while others, such as Mylo leather, use mycelium (mushroom threads). These materials are biodegradable and do not contain plastic. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Plant based artificial leather fabrics like pineapples or Mylo leather which uses mycelium (mushroom filaments) could become an alternative to leather. These materials are biodegradable and their production is less costly for the environment. Another alternative is recycled leather, but currently the material is not sufficiently recycled in order to be offered as a full alternative. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: A sustainable alternative to cotton is organic cotton because it does not use pesticides and pollutes less soil and water. Another alternative is recycled cotton because it uses less primary water and soil resources. Finally, other plant-based products are more environmentally friendly than cotton, such as banana fiber, which uses banana tree stems. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: More environmentally friendly textile blends, are the one’s free of plastic derived fabrics. A wool/cotton or hemp/cotton blend is more environmentally friendly because it is easier to recycle, biodegradable and does not release microplastics. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/
Polyester: Any plant-based textile, is an environmental alternative to this plastic based fabric. Indeed plastic-based fabric are non-biodegradable, difficult to recycle and release microplastics, whereas plant fabrics are biodegradable and easier to recycle. Some environmental friendly fabrics could be the one’s derived from recycled cotton or hemp or banana fibers. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/
Viscose: a first environmentally friendly alternative to viscose is silk. Silk worms use few space and resources to bread but on the other hand this fabric remains expensive. An other fully environmentally alternative to viscose, is a fabric issued from sustainably managed forests or other plants and treated through a non-chemical process. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: Wool is a fairly environmentally friendly fabric. A more environmentally friendly alternative to wool is recycled wool because it uses fewer primary resources. Silk can also be an alternative, but its cost is not comparable to that of wool production. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp fabric: Hemp fabric is an eco-friendly, plant-based fabric that uses few primary resources, such as water and soil, and is biodegradable and recyclable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: Banana fabric is an eco-friendly, plant-based fabric that uses few primary resources, such as water and soil, and is biodegradable and recyclable. https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
What are sustainable alternatives to this fabric?
Artificial Leather: Sustainable alternatives to PU or PVC artificial leathers, include plant based artificial leather fabrics. There are different kinds of artificial leather, some of which are made from the peels of fruits, such as pineapples, while others, such as Mylo leather, use mycelium (mushroom threads). These materials are biodegradable and do not contain plastic. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Plant based artificial leather fabrics like pineapples or Mylo leather which uses mycelium (mushroom filaments) could become an alternative to leather. These materials are biodegradable and their production is less costly for the environment. Another alternative is recycled leather, but currently the material is not sufficiently recycled in order to be offered as a full alternative. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: A sustainable alternative to cotton is organic cotton because it does not use pesticides and pollutes less soil and water. Another alternative is recycled cotton because it uses less primary water and soil resources. Finally, other plant-based products are more environmentally friendly than cotton, such as banana fiber, which uses banana tree stems. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: More environmentally friendly textile blends, are the one’s free of plastic derived fabrics. A wool/cotton or hemp/cotton blend is more environmentally friendly because it is easier to recycle, biodegradable and does not release microplastics. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/
Polyester: Any plant-based textile, is an environmental alternative to this plastic based fabric. Indeed plastic-based fabric are non-biodegradable, difficult to recycle and release microplastics, whereas plant fabrics are biodegradable and easier to recycle. Some environmental friendly fabrics could be the one’s derived from recycled cotton or hemp or banana fibers. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/
Viscose: a first environmentally friendly alternative to viscose is silk. Silk worms use few space and resources to bread but on the other hand this fabric remains expensive. An other fully environmentally alternative to viscose, is a fabric issued from sustainably managed forests or other plants and treated through a non-chemical process. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: Wool is a fairly environmentally friendly fabric. A more environmentally friendly alternative to wool is recycled wool because it uses fewer primary resources. Silk can also be an alternative, but its cost is not comparable to that of wool production. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp fabrics: Hemp fabric is an eco-friendly, plant-based fabric that uses few primary resources, such as water and soil, and is biodegradable and recyclable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: Banana fabric is an eco-friendly, plant-based fabric that uses few primary resources, such as water and soil, and is biodegradable and recyclable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/Is this fabric recognized as a sustainable fabric?
Is this fabric recognized as a sustainable fabric?
Artificial Leather: No. The most common synthetic leather is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyurethane, or polyamide microfiber mixed with other materials. Synthetic leather is derived from plastics generated from non-renewable resources like petroleum, and contains a variety of toxic chemicals, including phthalates which are harmful to people’s health. Artificial leathers made of natural components are emerging and are less harmful to the environment. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: No. Leather is bad for the environment because cattle farming requires the use of vast territories to raise livestock, significant amounts of water and is responsible for gas emissions. The tanning process uses hazardous chemical substances which are released into the environment and harm people’s health. On the other hand, the fabric is long lasting, can be reused and recycled. However, not enough recycled leather is being produced to replace virgin leather, so there is a need to blend virgin and synthetic leather which complicates recycling. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: Yes but. Cotton is a plant based fabric which is biodegradable and recyclable. However the production of cotton flowers uses a lots of pesticides, soil and water. To diminish those impacts, several initiatives have been launched to make cotton a more environmentally friendly textile such as organic cotton. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: It depends. The most common blends are fabrics made from plastic and cotton, both of which are harmful to the environment. Moreover, recycling of these textiles can be challenging. On the other hand, some blends from organic or recycled products could be considered more environmentally friendly. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/
Polyester: No: This plastic derived product is harmful for the environment from the extraction, to their treatments and their waste management (non-biodegradable and microplastic releases). Recycling polyester is also questionable in terms of its environmental friendliness. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/
Viscose: No but: the fabric being a plant derived it first depends on how the sustainability of the plantation (organic, well-managed forest or not) is and producers often use that argument to illustrate the sustainability of the fabric. But the chemical treatment of this fabric is very harmful for the environment and the recycling process reuses that same process. Rayon alternatives not using such harsh treatment, and more sustainable are emerging. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: Yes but. These textiles are quite environmentally friendly because they are reusable and biodegradable. On the other hand, some treatments of the fiber release toxic substances, especially in water, which is harmful to the environment. Wool is also a fabric that is easy to recycle and reuse for various purposes. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp fabrics: Yes, this fabric, compared to plastic or cotton, is environmentally friendly because less soil and water is used in the plantations and the fabric itself is biodegradable. On the other hand, some production methods involve chemicals and pollute the environment. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: Yes, this fabric, compared to plastic or cotton, is environmentally friendly because less soil and water is used in the plantations and the fabric itself is biodegradable. On the other hand, some production methods involve chemicals and pollute the environment. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
Should I avoid this fabric?
Artificial Leather: Yes. The most common synthetic leather is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyurethane, or polyamide microfiber mixed with other materials. Artificial leather is derived from plastics generated from petroleum and contains a variety of toxic chemicals, including phthalates which are harmful to people’s health. For more information see: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Yes: the leather tanning process uses a cocktails of toxic chemicals, such as chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbons, amines, aldehydes, along with heavy metals including known carcinogens like arsenic and chromium which harm the health of workers, pollute the environment and contaminate the finished product. The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) has prioritized some of the hazardous chemicals used in leather under Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) and substances for Authorization. Moreover, the production of leather is very pollutant due to cattle breeding. If producers can argue of its long lasting value, the recycling market of leather isn’t sufficient nowadays to be a viable alternative. For more information https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: No, but. Cotton, a plant-based fabric, is biodegradable and also recyclable. However, cotton farming pollutes the environment because of the extensive use of pesticides, which are harmful to both the environment and workers and can remain in the finished fabric and be emitted throughout its life cycle. Organic cotton and recycled cotton should be preferred. In addition, dyeing and other treatments may use harmful chemicals. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-worlds-dirtiest-crop-pesticide-use-in-cotton-production/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: Depending on the blend. The most common blends (plastic derived fabric / cotton) will contain the chemicals contained in cotton and the one’s contain in the plastic based fibers. Furthermore these blends release microplastics which are harmful for the environment and health. In addition, this blends are not biodegradable and cannot be recycled easily. On the other hand, blends of natural fabrics (cotton/wool; hemp/wool) have no such problems and should be preferred. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/
Polyester: Yes: during the process of fabrication of polyester, a plastic derived fabric, antimony trioxide are used which can have a harmful health effects. Polyester also contains microplastics which can be harmful for human health. Furthermore, it’s not biodegradable and its recycling is controversial. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/
Viscose: Yes but: Viscose is a semi-synthetic fiber because the material comes from plant based materials but then uses heavy chemical treatment. Depending on the quality of the plant used (organic or not) and the toxicity of the chemicals, this fabric is very harmful for the environment but also for the health of the workers. Some alternative rayon fabric are emerging using more sustainable plant fibers and more sustainable cellulosing process’. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: No but. the fabric doesn’t contain any harmful chemicals and the fabric is biodegradable as well as recyclable. Nonetheless, the process of dyeing and cleaning can release many chemical effluents in the environment and sheep breading has an environmental impact. For that matter recycled wools should be preferred and the one’s guaranteeing non chemical treatments. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp: No. Since the fabric is plant based, it’s fully biodegradable and recyclable. Moreover, its production is resource efficient but also depends on the use of pesticides. On the other hand the treatment of the fabric can use more or less harmful chemicals. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana Fibers: No. Since the fabric is plant based, it’s fully biodegradable and recyclable. Moreover, its production is resource efficient but also depends on the use of pesticides. On the other hand the treatment of the fabric can use more or less harmful chemicals. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
What is this fabric made of?
Artificial Leather: The most common synthetic leather is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyurethane, or polyamide microfiber mixed with other materials. Synthetic leather is derived from plastics generated from petroleum and contains a variety of toxic chemicals, including phthalates which are harmful to people’s health. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Leather is created by tanning animal rawhide mainly cattle hide. The leather tanning process uses a cocktails of toxic chemicals, such as chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbons, amines, aldehydes, along with heavy metals including known carcinogens like arsenic and chromium which harm the health of workers, pollute the environment and contaminate the finished product. Moreover, other chemicals like toxic fluorinated chemicals called PFAS are used to treat the fabric for waterproof or stain resistant purposes. The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) has prioritized some of the hazardous chemicals used in leather under Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) and substances for Authorization. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: This fabric comes from the flower of the cotton plant. The culture of cotton uses a lot of pesticides which is harmful for human health & the environment. Cotton is also often blended with other fabrics such as polyester. Recycled cotton is made of the re-yarning of used cotton. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: the most common is the cotton-polyester blend and all other cotton/ plastic based material blends. But this is not the only kind of blends that exists. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/
Polyester: It’s a petroleum derived fabric. This plastic fabric contains antimony trioxide that’s used as a catalyzer in the making. Other chemicals are used to treat this fabric such as PFOS. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Viscose: It’s a plant derived textile (mainly wood) which undergoes a chemical treatment to make the fiber and then a spinning process to create the filaments. Some environmentally friendly rayon alternatives to viscose don’t use heavy chemical treatment in the process of making the fabric. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: It is sheep fur, which is obtained after shearing the sheep. It is then washed and spun. Recycled wool is obtained after washing and re-spinning (for textiles, in a closed loop system). For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp fabrics: It is a fiber derived from the stems of the cannabis sativa plant. To produce hemp fiber, the bast fibers that make up the outer layer of the hemp stalk are removed and processed to make yarn. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: they are extracted from the stems of banana trees, which bear fruit only once. Various methods are used for extraction, which are environmentally friendly. The fabrics have different thicknesses depending on their purpose. For more information:: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
Does this fabric have associated labels of sustainability?
Artificial Leather: No. There are no specific labels of sustainability related to PU or PVC leathers. Nevertheless, some labels can be applicable such as Certified Vegan or PETA because these products don’t contain any animal by product. On the other hand, labels are not a guarantee of sustainability because they do not take into account the origin of the product (organic or not), the sustainable life-cycle of the product, nor the working conditions of the workers. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://vegan.org/certification/
Leather: Yes. Some labels are specific to leathers such as Leather Weather Group or IVN Naturleder, which both guarantee a more sustainable provenance of leather. But also other labels can be applied to leather products like Blue Angel Label or the EU Ecolabel. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://sustainfashion.info/category/right-to-know/labels/
Cotton: Cotton enjoys a large number of labels. The best known and most reliable of these are GOTS or Oeko Tex Standard 100. They confirm the ecological compatibility of the textiles as well as the guarantees related to the working conditions of the workers. Other labels can also be named such as the EU Ecolabel or the Blue Angel certification. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/right-to-know/labels/
Mixed fiber: Yes, but: the Organic Content Standard can be applicable to mixed fibers when at least 5% of the product is made of organic fiber. On the other hand, the reliability of such a label is problematic since the standard itself is quite low and doesn’t make plastic fibers more sustainable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/ and https://sustainfashion.info/category/right-to-know/labels/
Polyester: No but. The Global Recycle Standard can be applie when a product is made of recycled polyester. On the other hand, the sustainability of recycled polyester is controversial since it diminishes the que quality of the fabric and continues releasing microplastics. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/
Viscose:Yes but. The Forrest Stewardship Council or FSC can be delivered to viscose when the fabric for a sustainably managed forest. Nevertheless, this label does not take into account the harsh chemical treatment of the fabric, which is very far from being sustainable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/ and https://sustainfashion.info/category/right-to-know/labels/
Wool: Yes. The Responsible Wool Standard certifies the good treatment of sheep in the wool production process and takes into account all other aspects of sustainable wool processing. In addition, the GOTS or EU Ecolabel is applicable to wool fabrics provided that they are organic, do not use hazardous chemicals and that social standards are observed in their production. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://sustainfashion.info/category/right-to-know/labels/
Hemp fabrics: benefits from a great number of labels. The most worldwide and reliable ones are the GOTS or Oeko Tex Standard 100. They confirm the environmental friendliness of the textiles, as well as guarantees related to the working conditions of workers. Other labels can also be named such as the EU Ecolabel or the Blue Angel certification. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/right-to-know/labels/ and https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Is this organic fabric sustainable?
Organic cotton: Organic cotton is a preferable option to non organic cotton. No pesticides are used in its production, so it is less polluting to the environment. However, the production of organic cotton requires a lot of water. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/
Organic hemp: Organic hemps does not use any pesticides in its agriculture and therefore is preferrable to the non-organic version. Moreover, hemp agriculture is resource efficient. For more information:: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Could this fabric be recycled?
Artificial Leather: Generally No: plastic-based synthetic leathers pose the problem of recycling and sustainable disposal of plastic fabrics and the hazardous chemicals they contain. On the other hand, artificial leathers based on natural fibers can be recycled. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Yes: Leather is recyclable and is more sustainable. The problem is that it is to this day not sufficiently produced in order to replace new leather, so there’s a need for mixes with virgin or synthetic leather. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://textileexchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Textile-Exchange_Preferred-Fiber-Material-Market-Report_2020.pdf
Cotton: Yes: Cotton can be recycled into lower quality fabrics for non-textile products (e.g., toilet paper) or textile clothing. Some initiatives encourage such recycling in order to conserve natural resources. Cotton blends are more difficult to recycle. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: Yes, but since the blends can not be separated for economic reasons, some fibers are more difficult in the reuse in textile products, such as spandex or elastane in jeans. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/ and https://sustainfashion.info/closed-loop-for-textiles-is-the-way-forward-still-an-unfulfilled-dream/
Polyester: Polyester can be recycled by shredding the fabric into small chips and then making it into fabric. The problem is that such recycled fabric does not have the same qualities as the virgin fabric, and remains a derivative product of plastic that is not biodegradable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Viscose: Yes but the product can be regenerated into the cellulose but a process which is identic to the primary fabrication making the recycling less sustainable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: Yes, easily and for different purposes including the production of lower quality fibers to make mattress paddings or insulations or in a system where it is rebuilt into yarn in order to make textile products. The recycling of wool reduces the gas emission produced by sheep but also water pollutions for untreated wool. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp fabrics: Yes, this fabric like other plant based fabrics can be re-yarned and is also biodegradable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: Yes this fabric like other plant based fabrics can be re-yarned and is also biodegradable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
Could this fabric be reused?
Artificial Leather: No : plastic-based synthetic skins are problematic for the recycling and reuse because of hazardous chemicals they contain. On the other hand, synthetic leather based on natural fibers can be reused. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Leather: Yes: Leather is recyclable and is long lasting. The problem is that to this day it is not produced enough to replace new leather, so there is a need for mixtures of virgin and artificial leather. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://textileexchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Textile-Exchange_Preferred-Fiber-Material-Market-Report_2020.pdf
Cotton: Yes: Cotton can be recycled into lower quality fabrics for non-textile products (e.g., toilet paper) or textile clothing. Some initiatives encourage such recycling in order to conserve natural resources. Cotton blends are more difficult to recycle. For more information:: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: No, but: Some fibers are more difficult to reuse in textile products, such as spandex or elastane in jeans. Innovative recycling methods are emerging, but recycling plastic fabrics nevertheless reduces their quality. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/ and https://sustainfashion.info/closed-loop-for-textiles-is-the-way-forward-still-an-unfulfilled-dream/
Polyester: Yes, but: Polyester can be recycled by shredding the fabric into small chips and then making it into fabric. The problem is that such recycled fabric does not have the same qualities as the virgin fabric, and remains a derivative product of plastic that is not biodegradable. Moreover, this process does not allow to avoid the release of microplastics. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-polyester-is-it-worth-the-hype/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Viscose: Yes but the product can be regenerated into the cellulose but a process which is identic to the primary fabrication making the recycling less sustainable. On the other hand depending on the quality of the fabric, the fabric can be revaluated as such in a new product, therefore using few pollutant resource and lot of imagination. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/
Wool: Yes, easily and for different purposes including the production of lower quality fibers to make mattress paddings or insulations or in a system where it is rebuilt into yarn in order to make textile products. The recycling of wool reduces the gas emission produced by sheep but also water pollutions for untreated wool. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp fabrics: Yes this fabric like other plant based fabrics can be re-yarned and is also biodegradable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/
Banana fibers: Yes this fabric like other plant based fabrics can be re-yarned and is also biodegradable. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/
Does this fabric pollute when I wash it?
Artificial Leather: Yes. The most common synthetic leather is made of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) or Polyurethane(PU) mixed which are derived from plastic. These materials are treated with hazardous chemicals, which are released during the production as well as during the home care of the product. More importantly, these plastic materials release microplastics which are extremely dangerous for the environment and health. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Leather: Yes. The tanning process of leather uses a lot of hazardous chemicals, that pour into the waters on the production site. Other hazardous chemicals are used for the treatment of the textile, e.g. waterproof treatment. All of those remain in the final product and pollute the wash water. For more information https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Cotton: Yes but. This product pollutes the environment if it has been treated or dyed with hazardous chemicals that can remain in the product for a long time and be released into the water. There are more environmentally friendly dyeing processes that do not require the use of such substances. In addition, these plant-based textiles may be derived from inorganic production and contain pesticide residues that can spread in the water when washed. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-worlds-dirtiest-crop-pesticide-use-in-cotton-production/ or https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Mixed fiber: Yes. Depending on the composition of the blend, the product will contain chemicals found in cotton and chemicals found in plastic-based fibers. These materials are treated with hazardous chemicals that are released both during production and during home care of the product. In addition, pesticide residues in cotton can be deposited in laundry water. Moreover, these plastics release microplastics into the water, which are extremely hazardous to the environment and human health. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Polyester: Yes. This plastic derived material is treated with hazardous chemicals, which are released during the production as well as during the home care of the product. More importantly, these plastic materials release microplastics into the water during laundry which is dangerous for the environment and health. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Viscose: Yes but. This product will pollute by being washed when it has been treated or dyed with extremely hazardous chemicals that can stay for a long time in the product and release itself in the water. More sustainable dyeing process exists that don’t require the use of such substances. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Wool: Yes but. This product will pollute by being washed when it has been treated or dyed with extremely hazardous chemicals that can stay for a long time in the product and release itself in the water. More sustainable dyeing process exists that don’t require the use of such substances. It should be noted that wool is highly polluting during the initial washing, this can be avoided by using recycled wool. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp: Yes, but. This product will pollute by being washed if it has been treated or dyed with extremely hazardous chemicals that can stay for a long time in the product and release itself in the water. More sustainable dyeing process exists that don’t require the use of such substances. Also, this plant-based textile might be issued from a non-organic production thus containing pesticide residues, which can spread in the wash water. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Banana Fibers: Yes, but. This product will pollute by being washed if it has been treated or dyed with extremely hazardous chemicals that can stay for a long time in the product and release itself in the water. More sustainable dyeing process exists that don’t require the use of such substances. Also, this plant-based textile might be issued from a non-organic production thus containing pesticide residues, which can spread in the wash water For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
What are the working conditions of people treating this textile?
Artificial Leather: People working in synthetic leather production are exposed to phthalates, which is a common compound added to PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The workers are also exposed to other toxic chemicals common to plastic textiles treatments such as PFAS to make them stain resistant. In the waste treatment of those fabrics workers are exposed to microplastics. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Leather: Workers are mainly exposed in the tanning process to chromium, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, as well as heavy metals. The wastewater from the tannery is highly contaminated, which affects the population of nearby communities. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Cotton: Farm workers on cotton plantations are heavily exposed to pesticides, which are very widely used in this area. This is not the case with organic cotton. In the washing and dyeing process, workers are exposed to the chemicals used for these processes. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/preferred-cotton-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-superior/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Mixed fiber: Depending on the fabric blend, workers may be exposed to a wide range of chemicals, from pesticides in cotton plantations, PFOS in textile processing, to microplastic residues in the disposal of man-made plastic blends. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/cotton-blends/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Polyester: textile workers are exposed to chemicals such as antimony trioxide used as catalyst in polyester production, heavy metals in dyes and also inhalation of microplastic fibers. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Viscose: the fiber extraction of viscose, expose workers to a lot of chemicals such as carbon disulfide, hydrogen disulfide, sulfur and nitrous oxides. The dyeing process exposes workers to heavy metals fumes. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Wool: Workers of this textile can be exposed to chemicals in the washing process but also in the dyeing process. These factors are reduced when the wool is recycled. The other main problem of worker’s exposure in wool production and processing is the lack of transparency in the supply chain. https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ and https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Will the chemicals contained in this fabric disappear when I wash it?
Artificial Leather: No. The most common synthetic leather is made of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) or Polyurethane(PU) which are derived from plastic. These materials are treated with hazardous chemicals, which are released during the production as well as during the home care of the product. More importantly, these plastic materials release microplastics which are extremely dangerous for the environment and health. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-alternatives/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Leather: No. The leather tanning process uses a large number of hazardous chemicals that get into the water in the production area. Other hazardous chemicals are used to treat the material, for example, to make it waterproof. All of them remain in the final product even after washing. Nevertheless, during the washing process, a certain amount of these toxic substances are washed out and contaminate the sewage. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/leather-the-environment/ or https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Cotton: No. This product will pollute by being washed when it has been treated or dyed with extremely hazardous chemicals that can stay for a long time in the product and release itself in the water. More sustainable dyeing process exists that don’t require the use of such substances. Also, this plant-based textile might be issued from a non-organic production thus containing pesticide residues, which can spread in the wash water. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-worlds-dirtiest-crop-pesticide-use-in-cotton-production/ or https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Mixed fiber: No. Depending on the composition of the blend, the product will contain chemicals found in cotton and chemicals found in plastic-based fibers. These materials are treated with hazardous chemicals that are released both during production and during home care of the product. In addition, pesticide residues in cotton can be deposited in laundry water. Moreover, these plastics release microplastics into the water, which are extremely hazardous to the environment and human health. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/category/materials-plastic/mixed-fibre/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Polyester: No. This plastic derived material is treated with hazardous chemicals, which are released during the production as well as during the home care of the product. More importantly, these plastic materials release microplastics into the water during laundry which is dangerous for the environment and health. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/the-health-impacts-of-polyester/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Viscose: No. This product will pollute by being washed when it has been treated or dyed with extremely hazardous chemicals that can stay for a long time in the product and release itself in the water. More sustainable dyeing process exists that don’t require the use of such substances. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/assessing-the-sustainability-of-viscose/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Wool: No. This product will pollute by being washed when it has been treated or dyed with extremely hazardous chemicals that can stay for a long time in the product and release itself in the water. More sustainable dyeing process exists that don’t require the use of such substances. It should be noted that wool pollutes a lot during the initial wash, this can be averted with the use of recycled wool. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/recycled-wool/ or https://thenewfashioninitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Textiles.pdf
Hemp: No. This product will pollute by being washed if it has been treated or dyed with extremely hazardous chemicals that can stay for a long time in the product and release itself in the water. More sustainable dyeing process exists that don’t require the use of such substances. Also, this plant-based textile might be issued from a non-organic production thus containing pesticide residues, which can spread in the wash water. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/hemp-fabrics/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
Banana Fibers: No. This product pollutes the environment if it has been treated or dyed with extremely hazardous chemicals that can remain in the product for a long time and enter the water. There are more environmentally friendly dyeing methods that do not require the use of such substances. In addition, plant-based textiles may be derived from inorganic production and contain pesticide residues that can spread in the water when washed. For more information: https://sustainfashion.info/banana-fibres/ and https://hej-support.org/products-in-our-home-a-hidden-health-threat/
